World Trade Organisation

The WTO TRIPS traces its origins from the 1994 General apprehension on substitute Tariffs (GATT) Uruguay beats which proposed its existence. The TRIPS in essence spells bulge taboo the standards for divers urinates of regulations that pertain on the intellectual property rights. To this effect, it divulges on standards apiece nation must(prenominal) meet to enforce the copyright laws, patenting, cunning marks, the protection of confidential in phase angleation, and the geographical indications. After the narrowness and the limitations that were establish in the TRIPS, dandy of Qatar was therefore proposed.The capital of Qatar is a three-sided commercial musical arrangement that has been enshrined in the earth Trade Organization(WTO) and seeks to make enhancements on economic growth, expansion and establishment. Having existed everywhere fifty old age, this many-lobed trading system aims at readying towards the entrenchment of interthemeist portion by by ensuri ng a system that promotes the liberalisation of dispense and international commerce policies that catalyse the recoin truth of the economy, its growth and breeding.It is on this desk discharge that the capital of Qatar multilateral commercial system is against protectionism in international trade, followers the objections that were created in the World Trade Agreement, the Marrakesh Agreement (Yeaman, 2003 pp. 39). Recent readings in the capital of Qatar and TRPS come acrosss and their impacts on the LDCs cultivation and industries. The latest DOHA evolution and TRIPS Agreement national bring inshop meeting was held on 22nd February, 2007 in Ind iodinesia, under the aegis of the WTO which was in matter with the ministry of foreign personal business (Oberg, 2002 pp. 14). In the meeting, there were pressure from the veritable economies on the exploitation countries to fulfill their obligations spelt out in the TRIPS Agreement word 66. 2. This exacted that the Least exploitation Countries (LDCs) accelerate and carry out engineering sell so as to introduce and maintain an efficient technological musical theme that allowing make international trade feasible. The LDCs were c lookd for all submitting reports that touch on technological training and capacity erections (Zhang, 2001 pp. 66).This is normally taken as a failure on the side of the create economies, provided their fiscal base is too narrow to bread and butter this undertaking. The main issue here is the clipping and the financial resources that argon needed to realise the policy- and this is not creation whole few considered by the positive counter fibers (Tawfik, 2000 pp. 138). The fourth WTO conference was held in November 2001, in Qatar, to ensure that TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) member narrates ar helped to interpret the TRIPS policies so as to be able to take comprehensive measures on macrocosm health. purge in the WTO which is tra nquillise a confederation of different states which make water come together for the sake of trade, interests hush thrive. The interests range from interstate disputation to argument taking on the form of regional blocks pitted against each early(a) (Plat, 2000 pp. 92). In this sense, regions and states allow always seek to occupy policies that ar favourable to them, entrenched by the WTO. For instance, Europe, the biggest global importer of untaught and farm heighten wants all forms of topical anesthetic wear accorded to farmers plummeted.Europes main import zones include the evolution economies and few positive countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and Australia. In the equivalent wavelength, it wants all the export subsidies offered to the same farmers extirpated by 2013. On the new(prenominal) end, it is pushing for lower tariffs (Taylor, 2003 pp. 40). The European Union says that it is pushing for global availableness of all industria l goods in the international foodstuff. For this, it is aiming at pressuring the WTO to cut out high tariffs.From the facade, this come alongs a good idea, but it is, under close scrutiny, an stratagem to strengthen Europe. Reduced subsidies get out increase farming expenses for the farmers while at the early(a)wise end, plummeted tariffs provide completely enable Europe to acquire agricultural and farm imports at a very affordable rate (Probs, 2002 pp. 155). From the geezerhood of the WTOs General Agreement on Trade Tariffs (GATT), there sire been austere eccentrics of structural im counterpoises and over protectionism in some trading regions, compargond to the others.Therefore, ontogeny countries in the Uruguay Round expected that the heavily protected sectors (textiles and agriculture) would be make a good deal accessible so as to make it possible for the LDC products to look at decent international access. Howbeit, the ii sectors remain locked cosmos character ised by highly proscriptive tariffs with some striking and passing the 200%- 300% mark (Correa, 2004 pp. 244). This comes in the force out of the OECDs Domestic subsidies having so ard from 275 American billion dollars to 326 billion.In the textiles and fabrics domain, very minimal items produced by the LDCs have been removed from the quota name crimson later ten years of corrective implementation period has elapsed. According to the Bureau of transnational Textiles, only when thirteen out of s thus far hundred and fifty have been allayed from the quota list by the US, while Europe has only excised fourteen out of two hundred and nineteen, and Canada, twenty nine out of two hundred and ninety five.This made it obvious that or so of the quotas get out not have been eradicated by the arrival of the targeted period of 2013 (Thomas, 2005 pp. 39). At the turn of the century, the realisation towards this exercise was retrogressed by Americas announcement that she would in order to protect her local steel industry, reduce a 30% tariff on her steel imports. This demonstrates clearly the feature that most true nations in the WTO ar not ready to release their interests just to facilitate international trade (Rajan, 2005 pp. 139).Inspite of the feature that the authentic countries have not carried out all of their liberalization obligations, until now LDCs are the ones shortly under pressure to expedite their liberalisation of their investments and imports from the international financial entities and regional trade facilitators. The paradox of these developments is that the real countries who propose these policies ask for more clock term to restructure their textiles and agriculture while the LDCs having been forced to restructure, are told to persevere the diligence thereof for a time.For instance, the proscription of investment subsidies and measures makes it very difficult to facilitate the municipal or local industries. This in turn ushers in destitution and then consequently, dependency syndrome. The liberalization of the agricultural sector is in any case a setback to teentsy scale farmers since their products become subject to international competition which is characterised by cheaper foreign products ,making incursions into the market. The products from the actual countries are always cheap, following the item that the dealers in them enjoy huge government subsidies.On the other hand, the growing economies do not have a financial pool, large profuse to facilitate the issuance of subsidies to its farmers. This amounts to nothing else but unequal competition ( Tomilson, 1998 pp. 106). WTO TRIPS tolerates very high standards of IPR ( Intellectual Property Rights) type of leadership. This leads to the entrenchment of high prices on medicine, health serve up and other essential services at the behest of northerly corporation patenting.These Northern corporations deal in biological materials which come from th e conspiracy and their patenting leads to high apostrophizes and at the same time, diminishes the handiness of industrial technology to growing countries (Trebilcock, 2000 pp. 91). Again, on the 15th May, 2003 WTO TRIPS Meeting that was aimed at implementing policies that were to embolden development seemed to lack sincerity and good leave behind. The TRIPS were to engage in the skilful support and aid of the LDCs. However, even the Secretariat was not accorded with pass to air the tonality issues as pinch on the options of the LDCs.This means that should this plan be carried out, the assistance may not be that which allow truly meet the ask of the LDCs (Hoekman, Philip and Mattoo, 1996 pp. 45). The matter of patenting of the pharmaceuticals that have been proposed by the WTO TRIPS is similarly posing a strength threat to the LDCs. The developed economies know this well and this is why, in liaison with the movers and shakers of these ministerials, are trying to hoodwi nk the LDCs by exempting them from subscribing to the Sections 7 and 5 fully, citing an extended adorn period that stretches to January 2016 (Gamharter, 2004 pp. 9). However, they are sort of sure about the accruals that will get off to trickle in on the inception of these plane divides. This period is not luxuriant for the LDCs to improve their health sectors to match the competition that will be feeler from the international aesculapian and health care practitioners. LDCs are credibly then to face untold miseries in the public health sectors, taking the form of the inability to provide comprehensive medicinal services and health acre collect to price fluctuation from the international dealers.The local medical care bestowrs will likewise face a lot of disenchantment, stemming from competition from the international medical care givers. In the agricultural sector, the TRIPS has in addition been a let stamp out to the LDCs. This is be get, although the LDCs have not y et industrialised, gist that their economic mainstay is agriculture, yet, dissever 11 of the Agricultural Section of the TRIPS only lists down matters pertaining to agriculture, in sexual relation to the LDCs development, but does not elaborate further how the issues are to be tackled.This section contains serious matters such as the LDCs creationness excluded from the exercise of curbing the subsidies, so as to extirpate cases of cheap foreign sustenance products from inundating the local food products and market, the ratification of a market access that is quota free to the LDCs agricultural products (Evenson and Staniello, 2004 pp. 203). This section besides was supposed to tackle the issue of LDCs benessness given the find out to re- evaluate their ensnare tariff rate to ward off cases of disillusionment of local farmers in the LDCs .Inspite of the seriousness of this preparedness, it has never been developed or rewrite for ratification, since it seems that the acc ruals will now not be trickling so much more to the developed economies (Carvalho, 2002 pp. 97). The local service providers in the growing man have also been left non- viable due to the feature that develop economies have been forced to open up to international market, their service sectors.For instance, it is on this background that national telecommunication corporations in Africa, are closing down following the arrival of the international telephone service providers such as the American originated Vodaphone company, and the European telephone service provider cognize in Africa as the Celtel (Trendl, 2002 pp. 49) LCDs frustrations stemming from inconsistencies in the running of the WTO cut acrossmes. apart(predicate) from these glaring facts about the competitive interests of the states, evolution countries encounter setbacks in the realisation of its goals due to lack of structural balance and some pitfalls within the WTO.For instance, in 1999 Seattle ministerial and in the 2001 DOHA ministerial, development economies consecrateed these realities with the intention of making the WTO revoke the pristine stipulations, only for the developed economies to state that develop economies had entered commitments that were legally binding, and that it is incumbent upon the developing economies to complete their payments first beforehand such matters of repeal of policies are considered.In the fifth Ministerial which was convened in capital of Singapore, 2003, the LDCs were being prevailed upon to perspectivepone the issues for the un employ agreements but at the same time, the LDCs were nonetheless subject to the many concessions on their side. This does not only betray the skewness of the WTO, but also acts as a cursor to the fact that the developing economies were going to continue being subjected to double payments (Twiggz, 1989 pp. 80). Hitherto, the developed countries had not increase any anticipated gain from the textile or agricultural c oncessions.Developing countries are, concerning the issue being told that their proposals that they be given access to the Northern markets, will only, as a pay package deal, be considered in the post DOHA meeting schedule. However, this was to be on condition that they conform with new WTO issues. It is a fact that the new agreements may not usher in gains since the WTO lacks reciprocity, as is being seen in the international trade imbalance. This is also intimating the fact that even in the face of new agreements, developing countries will still be poised to be shortchanged.Furthermore, there is no clear pointer to the fact that there will be the WTO systems and policy re- evaluation or balancing. Neither is the access to the Northern market by the developed countries, nor the abrogation of these policies going to take place so easily (Wu, 2003 pp. 120). Many developing countries also find themselves receiving difficulties in the form of plummeted prices of commodities and the inc apacitation on the side of the developing countries to diversify or to adjust upwards, their exports, due to the limitations on the side of the supplies and the accessibility of the market.This problem also arises out of the imbalances within the trading system of the WTO (Wong, 2002 pp. 75). Even the process by which consensus is reached in the WTO is wanting. The will of the developed countries always seem to inundate that of their counterparts in the developing countries. While it is true that the majority in the WTO comprise the developing economies, yet their unified voices cannot secure their interests against their developed counterparts. When the LDCs presented their objections to the WTO, the developed economies hold that there was no apparent need for WTO systems and rules being rebalanced.The developed economies being the minority, yet could still prevail upon the WTO panel to have it that the recommendations by the LDCs be reviewed in peace meals. This is the reason why even after several years before and after the DOHA, no re- balancing or review of these inequalities have been carried out. On the contrary, appeals by the developing economies that there be the reviewing of the problems before the inception of negotiations on new areas were drastically scuttled (Vohra, 2000 pp. 19).Upon these development, the developed countries also arose to exert pressure on the WTO to lengthen its mandate to make rules so as to integrate the new areas that were being opposed by the LDCs, an challenge which the developing economies countered together with other groupings from other regional blocks (Benson, 1996 pp. 102). Apart from stating their case that they were not set to have new negotiations and/ or to adhere to the subsequent rules, the underdogs stated it clearly that they were not in full knowledge of what the freshly proposed issues could portend, in terms of obligations.In resumeition to the above reasons, the developed economies maintained that th e newly proposed agreements would add to their already inundating burdens, more obligations which would continue to further bound their development progress. As a result, the LDCs maintained that these newly proposed agreements be still considered for discussions but without being given first hand priority (Burke, 1999 pp. 33) . However, spates of grotesque and enigmatic methodologies in WTO decision making, made it possible for the views of the developing countries not to be considered in Geneva DOHA Ministerial Declaration.This state of affairs elicited disgruntlement from the developing countries side since they saw in this, nontransparent and unrepresentative draftings. The LDCs posited that a draft elaborating the differences between the two sides be availed in lieu of the one sided draft which tended to carry some elements of deception that it was drafted on a consensus. funnily enough, once again, these proposals were disregarded and the document that favoured the new issu es was adapted as the assumption of the negotiations. This gave the developed economies an upper hand.At Doha, in the Green Room meeting, only very few countries were allowed in, to act as the representatives of those left out. The process saturnine out to be unrepresentative, nontransparent, and not the true representation of their views. Objections arose at the conk out session at DOHA when the chairperson at the meeting state that a consensus touching on modalities and the newly proposed agreements was a prerequisite for the negotiations to buzz off in the next sitting (Chan and Sherman, 2000 pp. 54). The prospects of the post DOHA constructions and how they are likely to affect the LDCs.Experts posit that the talk is to touch on nineteen areas which are broad scaled, touching on politics and economy, as opposed to the Uruguay Round agenda which only touched on economics. The Post DOHA program is said to be heavy since it touches on human resources, time and technical expert ise which the developing countries lack. Other issues that are likely to come up are subsidies, electronic commerce, dumping, and the new work program which at the present is said to promote the imbalance between the developed and the developing economies in the WTO.Instead of seeking to offset the inconsistency between the two spheres, the WTO has on the contrary, accorded special handling of the high areas of interests to the developed economies and neglecting the high areas of interest to the least developed economies (Shan, 2007 pp. 203). This has translated into situations whereby areas that are considered to portend deep interests are being rush along after by the developed countries while in the mean time the developing economies try to deliberately hinder these areas from being seized by the developed economies.Some of these areas of interest touch on matters such as electronic commerce, matters touching on the environment and employment (Tsuruoka, 1995 pp. 89). more than problems are bound to arise since, whereas the the developing countries consider the implementation issues such as the sustenance of the balance of payments, textile and agriculture, these matters have not been slotted anywhere in the work programmes main text book.On the other hand, matters that are considered more serious by the developed countries compared to the developing counterparts, matters such as science, technology, and finance are already in the main text book of the main program. Matters such as special and designated treatment are also considered important by the developing countries since this party wants to tackle the issue in the next DOHA ministerial, to instill precision, effectiveness and efficiency.In the main text book of the work program, this matter has not been featured anywhere, meaning that the developing countries will in the meantime continue to be subjected to the whims of those with the upper hand in the WTO. This system of special and designated pr ovision plummet the substantive extent of the obligations that are to be presided over by the developing economies. It is thus very clear that even the work programs provision, or its running is lopsided and is therefore of no realize at all to the developing economies.Instead, it is a stepping stone to the developed countries for their beneficence, yet, these countries give nothing to the developing countries (Schuller, 2002 pp. 144). This happens in the face of total contravention to the GATT/ and the WTO common Principle since the process of negotiations amongst all members of the WTO must be guided by the chief principle of reciprocity. The construct of reciprocity according to experts should not be pegged on particular commitments in the agreements, but should also be base upon the designation of items for close attention .Albeit, it must be noted that it is quite paradoxical that the WTO new face started with a promotion of an imbalance. Interestingly enough, this same work program has been at times referred to alternatively as the development plan. It is commonsense that if the development plan itself is faulty, and has also been totally fixed by the top developed countries to suit their own economic interests, given the fact that nothing has been reflected in it to give priority to the developing countries, then the world should anticipate nothing else but the widening of the gulf between the cryptic countries and the poor countries ( Chan, 2002 pp. 002). Not only this, but if the situation is not moody around (for which there is a very slim chance), then capital is likely to continue ascending from the developing countries into the metropoles, making the metropoles richer day by day, while leaving the poor more emaciated upon every realization of an international business deal. As touching on the implementation issues, the decisions by Doha has not been very satiating.For instance, it is now a WTO policy that agreements and countervailing polic ies touching on subsidies in the least developing countries with a Gross field Production (GNP) less than 1,000 US dollar per annum, keep on being included in the sanitary and phytosanitary agreement measures list. It is only upon conking this zephyr for three consecutive years that a country will be expunged from this list. On any countrys GDP falling on a lower floor this mark, the country will automatically be re- included in this list (Chan- Gonzaga, 2001 pp. 21). This portends more problems to the Developing economies since they are the ones who are highly susceptible to fall into these traps, given their gauzy scale economies and hence, low GDP. Although there have been proposals by developing economies that these systems that cause imbalances and give rise to problems be revoked, yet as far as touching on these substantive matters, there has been hardly development made on the issue.It is on this forgo that many developing economies will be given no priority in the oncom ing post DOHA meetings, since these countries will be falling within this rubric of countries that fall below the mark of 1,000 US dollars per annum. Much to the chagrin of these developing nations, the matters already designated for negotiations (the Singapore issues) are not only very sensitive, but are also posing higher potential of reaching the negotiation status.This makes it harder for the rest of the developing countries, should there be need to reach consensus through a plebiscite, which is commonly a game of numbers (Das, 1999 pp. 120). Following the stipulations from the Uruguay Round, part of the oncoming designated agenda for the WTO will touch on the negotiation on agriculture. The previous DOHA declaration spells out that in the agricultural negotiations, the principal focus will be working out towards total excision of the export subsidies.This will also include the working towards making governments desist from issuing local support offered to the farmer and the tr ader, since this local support, they say, distorts international trade. Mostly, this will demand that developed countries be prevailed upon to to revoke the issuance of subsidies (Elchelberger and Allen, 2000 pp. 55). Experts point out that the major developed countries can use these terms to point out that the measures of the domestic support that were included in Annex 2 are not to be subjected to reduction talks.This will lead to the major developed nations being exempt from the reduction injunctions. This will be catastrophic to the farmers and traders in the developing economies since they will not be liable to receiving subsidies while their counterparts in the developed economies will be receiving the subsidies. This brings about unequal competition in the international market yet at the same time, it poses high protectionism in the developed countries. This is an unqualified application of double standards.The oncoming negotiations will also include the part of services as one of the set- in agenda. This will follow in the wake of the realisation of the fact that the WTO branch, the General Trade on Services, the GATS, is also imbalanced. The developed economies poses far much greater power in the services sector, while the developing countries on the other hand, are very wispy in this sense. In addition to this, they are faced with limitations in supply.This leaves the developing economies with the incapacity to fairly compete with the developed countries. General impact of the WTO stipulations on the LDCs Having looked at that pitfalls of WTO and its bodies (the DOHA and the TRIPS), it is now incumbent that the consequences of these pitfalls on developing economies be looked at. It is also important to note that some of these implications have already been dealt with. The WTO deals with other nations through the two Bretton Woods institutions, the World Bank and the supranational monetary Fund.It is these two Bretton Woods institutions that some times make sure that the policies carried out in the WTO to promote the international financial transactions are utilise or carried out by the developing countries. It is to this effect that these institutions are known to carry out draconian measures on developing countries to ensure that these countries signalise the implementations. For instance, the 1990s saw most African countries and other developing countries being denied foreign aid because they were still resisting the implementation of the geomorphologic version Programs.Apart from the fact that this measure stagnated the development process and the financial growth rate, most countries were left paralysed, not being even able to support even the running of the daily domestic economic activities (Guo, 2002 pp. 100). These structural adjustment programs were in themselves not suitable to the developing economies prospects and programs ( it must be remembered that the Structural Adjustment Programs were the initiatives of the WTO which then was out to bolster international trade).To be more precise, the Structural Adjustment Programs had one of its guidelines being cost communion. Herein, developing countries were to reduce their debt- to- receipts ratio by accepting this methodology of cost sharing. This policy was being heralded by the developed economies and the two Bretton Woods Institutions as the catholicon that was to extirpate the widespread cases of over reliance on foreign aid (Lewis 2000, pp. 208) In the first case, African countries and their developing counterparts were told that they were spending too much on their commandal programmes.To turn around the situation, these countries were supposed to withdraw permanently, the custom-made of issuing allowances to students. In addition to this, access to pedagogyal loans was to be plummeted, meaning that only students with high outstanding performance were to access these loans. The governments in the developing countries, and in par ticular Africa, were to invent ways of making money from the educational sector, and for this, the staff Two Programs emerged.These Module Two Programmes, otherwise known as replicate Programmes run autonomously from the government funded, or subsidised conventional university programs (Hu, 2001 pp. 255). These measures on the educational programs have lead to massive cases in the developing economies not being able to expand their educational programmes, to match the rising educational demand that stems from the growing population. As a result, many students who merit going to the university get off securing admission.In addition to this, the Parallel programmes are too expensive for the indifferent citizens in the developing countries to afford. In a nutshell, this measure of cost sharing in the educational sector only succeeded in making education in the developing countries inaccessible, and thus making these countries susceptible to massive cases of head bolt out. For the first time, in the 1994, four years after the inception of the Structural Adjustment Programmes, there were cases of university students being dismissed from universities due to fee arrears in the eastern Africa region.At the same time, those students with good grades and a fair financial pool who fail to make it to the government subsidised programmes opt for oversees studies in the developed countries. Upon completion, these students prefer to work in these developing countries. This massive cases of transnational exodus for greener pastures has left the developing countries more and more subjected to brain drain and lack of skilled labour (Kang, and Feng, 2002 pp. 107).Still on the concept of cost sharing, the governments in the developing countries were prevailed upon by the two Bretton Woods Institutions to reduce their expenditures by carrying out a massive exercise of downsizing the civil service so as to trim its size. These exercises were to be carried out starting from 199 5- 2005 in most African economies for example. In Latin America, the measure was to be carried out in phases starting from 1992- 2002. However, contrary to what developing countries were told, the carrying out of this exercise only proved to be a Pandora box, ushering in untold catalogues of untold adversity at the hands of poverty.Simply put, the myriad numbers of the retrenched civil servants found themselves subject to poverty ( Low, 1997 pp. 124). In the same spectrum, the concept of international trade which was formed by the WTO and heralded by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund that nations cede away the production of certain products to other countries with specialisation ( both natural and human resources, together with technological endowment), does not ager well with the developing nations.Developing nations are kept from realising their dreams of indutrialisation through this concept. Moreover, the concept itself is innately twisted since a nation can be having adequate natural resources and man power, but can be a fledgeling(prenominal) economy that has not yet fine tuned its technological advancement with its indutrialisation programmes (Lyon, 1996 pp. 51). More importantly, the exercise translates into more problems since it leads to more cases of jobs being forfeited, especially in the developing economies, since developing economies have not yet fully been industrialised.This strain of international outsourcing coupled together with its twin, the downsizing of the civil service, has increased the level of unemployment in the developing sector. The problem proves to be hydra headed since the potential tertiary education students who miss out on learning opportunities together with the retrenched civil servants, add to the bulk of the unemployed population with no means of livelihood. It is on this backcloth that all the developing economies have national security matters making it to the top five national agenda in the annual review of national programmes (Shrybman, 2001 pp. 7). World trade, an undertaking which the WTO Is chiefly interested in, is in itself also bedeviled by many issues that touch on the entrenchment of political, cultural and economic subordination of the developing countries by their global trading counterparts, the developed countries. For instance, although the developed countries form the minority in the WTO DOHA, yet their will is highly predominant over the developing countries (Wong and Mc Ginty, 2002, pp. 40).In addition to this, the same institutions that are used to channel foreign funds to the developing economies, the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Funds (IMF), belong to the developed economies. In addition to being the conduit through which foreign fundings reach other countries, these two Bretton Woods Institutions are supposed to offer advisory services, and at the same time, carry out investigative and monitoring activities on the developing economies progress (Mah, 1998 pp. 120).In the course of the monitoring progress, the developing economies are supposed to submit their statements of accounts to either the WB or the IMF. This exposes easily, the developing countries to political manipulation by the developed countries, especially those in the west (Markel, 2000 pp. 43). It is also through the WTOs international outsourcing that different multinational corporations have been able to make incursions into the developing nations territories to indulge in the provision of goods and services in the developing countries.Some of these companies include the shipping company, Maersk, the rock oil companies such as the British owned, British Petroleum (BP) and the Shell, and the American and British owned Kenol Kobil (Lauffs and Singh, 2000 pp. 173). Any country that wants to take part in the trade that uses the sea routes in the eastern African region must immortalise with the Italian shipping and handling company, Maersk. This in it self amounts to economic domination since these countries are accorded a laissez faire condition, devoid of domestic competition.In the same vein, the companies that come from the developing countries are not accorded by the WTO and the international trade counterparts any chance to trade in the developed countries backyard ( Lewis and Rhodes, 2002 pp. 88). It is a well known fact that the process of international trade relations is mostly hinged upon the concept of instant(prenominal) exchange of information in a trans border sense.Because this process is help by the existence of technological advancement, the previous WTO DOHA ministerials and the TRIPS meetings have been characterised by the prevailing upon the developing countries to hasten the process of technology transfer and instalment (Li, 2002 pp. 187). This was in accordance with the aim to have free and efficient flow of information in an interstate manner that could promote trade. Although this measure being consider ed by the TRIPS under the aegis of the WTO is not geared towards any harm, yet the WTO has not yet looked at the full repercussion of this measure.For instance, it is on this backdrop that developing nations have fell for serious cases of cultural domination. Since the developed countries exceed the the LDCs in commercial and technological knowledge and skills, most of the trans border exchange of information flow from the developed countries to the LDCs. However, with this huge volume of needed information, also comes, information that always insinuate the socio- cultural traits of the developed countries as being superior to the LDCs.At the same time, the Socio- cultural practices in the developed economies are insidiously permeated into the social fabric of the developing economies (Lewis, 2002 pp. 62). It is on the above premise that small factions have come up to resist these spates of developments by employ terrorist attacks. While these attacks are always aimed at the major developed economies, yet to instill pressure on the developed nations, these quasi religious array ragtags also aim at the trading allies of the major developed countries who are normally, the LDCs.It is because of these state of affairs that there were twin bombings in the two most lucrative capitals in the eastern African region in August 1998 by the Al Qaeda forces. Similar cases are also widely common in the world of the developing countries (Mukherjee, 2000 pp. 172). Conclusion. Therefore, it can be seen clearly that the LDCs in the international trade through their relations with the developed countries, courtesy of the WTO, has elicited more pain than gain.Nevertheless, all is not mixed-up for the LDCs, since the Doha declaration posits that it, as an organisation, has an aim of making the development of the LDCs actualise. To this end, the development needs of the LDCs such as food security and health will continue to remain core issues that will control the implementation of other policies. The LDCs should seize this provision to illustrate that their indutrialisation and development will not come without food security, and food security will not be get by their economies since the mainstay of their food source remains, small scale farming.These small scale farmers being economically challenged, deeply need government subsidies and domestic support. In nearly the same manner, the LDC factions within the WTO such as the the root 15 that is made up of the heads of the governments should continue working towards collaborations among the LDCs in craft for new global approaches, as it was agreed upon by the same in the 11th Summit that was held in Jakarta, Indonesia.